Sains Malaysiana 53(3)(2024): 667-679
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-14
SF1: A Standardised Fraction of Clinacanthus nutansthat Inhibits the Stemness Properties of Cancer Stem-Like Cells Derived from Cervical Cancer
(SF1: Fraksi Piawaian Clinacanthus nutans yang Merencat Sifat Stem Sel Menyerupai Sel Stem Kanser Diperolehi daripada Kanser Serviks)
FARIDAH ISMAIL1,2,
YUSMAZURA ZAKARIA1,*, MUHAMMAD LOKMAN MD
ISA3, NIK FAKHURUDDIN NIK HASSAN4 & TAN SUAT CHENG1
1Biomedicine Program, School of
Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian,
16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Department of Basic Medical
Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad
Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota,
25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
3Department of Basic Medical
Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic
University of Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah,
Bandar Indera Mahkota,
25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
4Forensic Science Program,
School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu,
Kelantan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 24 Julai2023/Diterima: 21 Februari2024
Abstract
Cancer stem
cells (CSCs) are a small population of tumour cells
that are responsible for tumour initiation, metastases, recurrence, and
resistance to conventional therapy. Hence, targeting CSCs is crucial in the fight against cancer. SF1, a standardised
fraction from Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract, has been reported to exhibit
potent and selective antineoplastic effects against cervical cancer cells. In
this study, the potential of SF1 to inhibit the stemness of cervical cancer stem-like cells has been evaluated. SF1 extraction was carried
out using the dry column vacuum chromatography technique. SiHa cell lines were cultured as spheres in CSC-conditioned medium (cervospheres), and the IC50 of SF1 against cervospheres was determined using the OZBlue Cell Viability Kit. The effects of SF1 on the cervosphere’s stemness markers, including CD49f, CK17, SOX2, OCT4,
and NANOG, were assessed using a flow cytometry assay. Self-renewal inhibition
and anti-tumorigenesis effects of SF1 in cervospheres were evaluated using a sphere formation assay and a xenograft mouse model. The
present study shows that SF1 treatment at an IC50 of 17.07 µg/mL
inhibited the proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenic capacity of SiHa cervospheres in vitro and in vivo. A decrease in the expressions of CK17, SOX2,
CD49f, and OCT4 in
cervical CSCs indicated that SF1’s inhibitory effects were also associated with
the suppression of stemness markers.
These results suggest that SF1 possesses an antitumor effect against cervical
CSCs and may be regarded as a promising approach to the development of targeted
anticancer agents for cervical cancer.
Keywords: Anticancer; cancer stem cells; cervical
cancer; Clinacanthus nutans; stemness
Abstrak
Sel stem
kanser adalah populasi kecil daripada keseluruhan sel tumor yang
bertanggungjawab mencetus pertumbuhan awal tumor, perebakan, pengulangan dan
kerintangan terhadap rawatan konvensional. Oleh itu, sasaran rawatan terhadap
sel stem kanser adalah penting bagi memerangi kanser. SF1, fraksi yang
diseragamkan daripada ekstrak daun Clinacanthus nutans, dilaporkan
menunjukkan kesan anti-kanser yang kuat dan selektif terhadap sel kanser
serviks. Dalam kajian ini, potensi SF1 untuk merencatkan ciri stem sel yang
menyerupai sel stem kanser serviks telah dikaji. SF1 diekstrak menggunakan
teknik kromatografi vakum lajur kering. Sel SiHa telah dikultur sebagai sel
sfera di dalam kultur media khusus untuk pembentukan sel stem kanser (sel sfera
kanser serviks) dan nilai IC50 SF1 terhadap sel sfera kanser serviks
ditentukan menggunakan kit kelangsungan hidup OZBlue. Kesan SF1 pada penanda
stem di dalam sel sfera kanser serviks, termasuk CD49f, CK17, SOX2, OCT4 dan
NANOG, dianalisis menggunakan ujian flositometri. Perencatan pembaharuan diri
dan kesan anti-tumorigenesis SF1 dalam sel sfera kanser serviks dinilai
menggunakan ujian pembentukan sel sfera dan model tetikus xenocantum. Kajian
ini menunjukkan bahawa rawatan SF1 pada IC50 17.07 μg/mL
merencat proliferasi, pembaharuan diri dan keupayaan tumorigenik sel sfera
kanser serviks SiHa in vitro dan in vivo. Kesan perencatan SF1
turut disertai oleh penurunan penanda stem untuk sel stem kanser serviks,
seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan dalam pengekspresan CK17, SOX2, CD49f
dan OCT4. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa SF1 mempunyai kesan anti-tumor
terhadap sel stem kanser serviks dan berpotensi sebagai pendekatan baharu untuk
membangunkan agen anti-kanser yang bersasar terhadap kanser serviks.
Kata kunci: Anti-kanser; Clinacanthus nutans; kanser serviks; sel
stem kanser; sifat stem
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yusmazura@usm.my
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